WHAT STUDENTS PROTESTING ISRAEL'S GAZA SIEGE WANT — AND HOW THEIR DEMANDS ON DIVESTMENT FIT INTO THE BDS MOVEMENT
What Students Protesting Israel's Gaza Siege Want — and How Their Demands on Divestment Fit Into the BDS Movement
May 07th, 21PM May 07th, 21PM(The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.)
Mira Sucharov,
Carleton University
(THE CONVERSATION) A wave of protests expressing solidarity with the Palestinian people is spreading across college and university campuses. There were
more than 400 such demonstrations by the end of April 2024just in the U.S., with
many more in Canadaand other countries.
The specific demandsvaryfrom
placeto
place. What unites them is a call for schools to use their financial leverage and other kinds of influence to apply pressure on Israel.
The
protesters are demanding divestment, meaning the sale of financial assets either related to Israeli companies or shares in other corporations perceived to assist the Israeli military. In addition, many protests include calls for the
disclosure of those financial ties. They also feature demands for colleges and universities to distance themselves from Israel by
ending study-abroad programsand academic exchanges.
The demands are mostly a response to
Israel's bombings and other military operations in Gazathat followed the Oct. 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel.
They also stem from broader concerns around
Israel's long-running blockade of Gazaand
half-century of military occupation of the West Bank and Gaza. Both of those concerns have been behind the
boycott, divestment and sanctionsmovement for nearly 20 years.
I have spent decades
teaching and researching Israeli-Palestinian relationsand the global politics surrounding these issues. Along the way, I've learned that the discourse around the activism related to this Middle Eastern conflict is at least as relevant as the direct effects of the activism itself.
BDS tactics
In 2005,
170 Palestinian civil society groupscame together to initiate a call for boycott, divestment and sanctions. Many student organizations, academic associations and other kinds of groups later embraced the initiative.
BDS activists call for
consumers around the world to boycott Israeli-made goodsand refrain from spending money on
Israeli movies, music and other cultural products. They discourage non-Israeli bands from performing in Israel and urge scholars and students not to study at or engage with
Israeli academic institutions.
The movement also promotes divestment from holdings that support Israel's military operations. And it seeks to impose sanctions, which could hypothetically include arms embargoes, asset freezes or trade barriers.
In other words, the U.S. government would have to participate for sanctions to work. Due to its close ties with the Israeli government, this is extremely unlikely. Nevertheless, the U.S. has
recently sanctionedcertain far-right Israeli entities.
U.S.-based BDS activists have, for this reason, focused on boycott and divestment rather than sanctions.
BDS goals
Along with those tactics,
BDS has three goals, or pillars. The first is ending Israel's occupation of the West Bank and Gaza.
The second is
dismantlingthe
separation wallsnaking through the West Bank.
The third is attaining full equality for Palestinian citizens of Israel and the right of Palestinian refugees to return to their ancestral towns and villages in historic Palestine. About 750,000 Palestinians fled or were forced to move to surrounding areas prior to and during
the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.
Two-thirdsof Gaza's current residents are refugees and their descendants who were uprooted from their homes in 1948. This
right to returnis enshrined in international law.
While Israel has never let these Palestinian refugees return, it does maintain a "
law of return"
for Jews.
Response to BDS
BDS has caught on with many Palestinians and their supporters across the globe. But there's been a concerted effort in Israel and the U.S. to legislate against it.
Israel has
barred some BDS supporters,
with Jews among them, from entering the country. And
38 U.S. states, as of 2024, have enacted anti-BDS legislation. Such laws require state contractors to pledge that they will not engage in BDS, or they require states to not invest funds in companies that support the movement's goals.
To some Jews, boycotting Israeli products
evokes the Nazi boycottof Jewish businesses in Germany in the 1930s. Other critics believe academic and cultural ties should
never be restricted for any reason.
There are also BDS critics who find the tactics legitimate but object to one or more of the movement's goals. The least controversial goal of the three pillars is full equality for Palestinian citizens of Israel. BDS critics almost never object to this goal. Instead, the debate occurs
over the degree to which differentpeople
view Palestinian citizens of Israelas already possessing equality.
The second goal – ending Israel's occupation – tends to be opposed primarily by right-wing supporters of Israel. These more conservative Israel supporters either believe that the occupation, including the security barrier that separates Palestinian residents of the West Bank from Israeli settlers and from Israeli residents in noncontested areas, is
necessary for maintaining Israeli security– or that
there is no occupationat all.
Other Israelis say that
Israeli settlers deserveto live in all the lands of ancient Israel, including the West Bank.
Granting all Palestinian refugees the right to return is the most controversial BDS goal because of fears that Jews would perhaps become a minority of Israel's citizens, causing the country to
cease to be a Jewish state.
People with those concerns say making Jews a minority in Israel would be unjust and perhaps even an
expression of antisemitism.
Another common concern regarding the BDS movement and the slightly different demands heard on campuses today has to do with the impression that
Israel is being singled outfor criticism when there are
many other countriesthat commit human rights violations.
Modest success stories
The protests on college campuses in the spring of 2024, including those with prolonged encampments, have had, at best, modest success.
For example, Brown University protesters managed to persuade the administration to
hold a voteon divesting from companies connected to the Israeli military. In return, the protesters agreed to dismantle their encampment.
Portland State University administrators agreed to pauseits relationship with Boeing, which is a military contractor as well as a civilian aircraft manufacturer.
Perhaps most importantly, though, the protests have helped place Palestinian human rights demands squarely in the public eye.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article here:
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